RADIATION DIAGNOSIS OF DIFFUSE INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES
Keywords:
diffuse interstitial lung pathologies, differential diagnostics, radiography, multislice сomputed tomography.Abstract
Introduction. Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) include various lung lesions, pathmorphologically caused by chronic diffuse inflammatory infiltration of alveoli, bronchi, and pulmonary capillaries, resulting in fibrosis.
Purpose of study. To study and interpret the radiological signs detected on roentgenograms and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) images to determine the most important lesions of the pulmonary parenchyma, pleura, and changes in the lymph nodes characteristic of a certain diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) to ensure correct and early nosological differential diagnostics.
Materials and methods. From 2021 to 2023, 3986 patients underwent radiography at the National Scientific Center for Phthisiopulmonology; of them, 1256 underwent multislice spiral computed tomography for the underlying disease (pulmonary tuberculosis). In 12 (1%) cases of pulmonary tuberculosis of various severity, sciographic signs characteristic of DILD were identified.
Research results. 12% of patients underwent MSCT, and 100% had sciographic signs characteristic of DILD. In 27 (26 %) of radiographs, mild signs of DILD were revealed.
Discussion of results. The main task at the stage of radiation diagnostics (radiography, computed tomography) is to determine the nosological form of the pathological process in the lungs in the early stages, on which the treatment tactics and prognosis of the disease depend. Diagnosis success depends on the correct interpretation of the anatomy and sciographic signs of lung changes.
Conclusions. ILD diagnostics based on radiography and high-resolution MSCT are sometimes challenging. This publication provides clinical examples of the main sciographic signs of ILDs available on radiographs and MSCT scans. Those cases were subject to differential diagnostics to determine the nature of the pathological process that caused the changes.
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