HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (literature review)
Keywords:
hepatocellular carcinoma, epidemiology, risk factors, Barcelona classification system.Abstract
Introduction. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the liver, which ranks 5th in prevalence among all types of cancer worldwide. The main risk factor is the presence of cirrhosis of the liver. In the choice of treatment tactics, the main role is played by an adequate diagnosis of pathology, and the determination of the stage according to the Barcelona staging system.
Objective. Review of current data on epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods and evaluation of patient treatment.
Material and methods. Literature search was conducted in such databases as PubMed, Medline, Cyberleninka, Scopus in clinical treatment protocols. The search depth is 6 years from 2018 to 2023. Inclusion criteria: literature reviews, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, original studies, clinical treatment protocols. Exclusion criteria: articles with no evidentiary sources.
Result. The ratio of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between men and women is 2.8:1, which indicates a higher predisposition of men to this type of cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks fourth in terms of mortality among all types of cancer. The review we are conducting is aimed at analyzing modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Discussion. In a global context, including Kazakhstan, intensive studies on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are being conducted, aimed at predicting survival, identifying new etiological factors, as well as improving methods of diagnosis and therapy of this oncological disease. The use of advanced treatment methods combined with a systematic analysis of their effectiveness provides an opportunity to optimize treatment strategies in order to achieve a complete cure for patients.
Conclusions. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide, and there is an increase in the number of cases of this disease. The main patients are men over 60 years of age. A risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma is liver cirrhosis caused by chronic viral hepatitis B and C. For accurate diagnosis, it is recommended to use an integrated approach, with liver biopsy and the identification of specific markers of hepatocellular carcinoma playing the main role. An increase in the chances of survival directly depends on the choice of a suitable treatment tactic and the timely start of its use.
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