THE FEATURES OF EPIDEMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF BRUCELLOSIS IN KAZAKHSTAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452X-2021-224-2-2-10Keywords:
brucellosis, monitoring, epidemiological situation, sources, transmission routesAbstract
The average incidence rate per 100 thousand population in Kazakhstan decreased from 23.7 (2004) to 2.8 (2020).
Purpose of the study. Study of the features of epidemic manifestations of brucellosis in the modern period in Kazakhstan.
Material and methods. Analysis of official statistical materials on the incidence of newly diagnosed brucellosis, presented by the regional DSEC KSEC of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2004-2020.
Results. The morbidity indices (1: 100 thousand of the population) are higher than the average republican indicators in the Zhambyl, West Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda, Almaty, Turkestan and East Kazakhstan oblasts of the republic. In the same areas, 90-100% percent of newly diagnosed cases of human brucellosis are identified in “brucellosis-free animals” settlements and farms. For the period 2017-2020 in Kazakhstan, the source of infection was small cattle (60.75%), cattle - 28.0%, other animal species - 0.99%. The main route of infection is contact with sick animals (72.9%).
Discussion. Since 2004, there has been a tendency towards a decrease in the incidence of newly diagnosed brucellosis in the republic. The problem of epidemiological surveillance of brucellosis in the population of Kazakhstan is a high percentage of newly diagnosed cases of brucellosis in humans in “brucellosis-free animals” settlements and farms. The source of infection is mainly farm animals of the individual sector. In 2020, the average value of bacteriological confirmation in Kazakhstan decreased to 50.9%, which is the lowest indicator in the last 4 years. More than 98.0% of strains isolated on the territory of Kazakhstan belong to Brucella melitensis biovar III, the most virulent ovine type of brucellosis pathogen.
Conclusions. With a pronounced tendency in Kazakhstan to reduce the incidence of the population with newly diagnosed brucellosis, a negative indicator is a high percentage of new cases of brucellosis in people in “brucellosis-free animals” in settlements. The main source of infection is still farm animals in the private sector. Of these, on average, over 4 years, the source of infection was small cattle (60.75%). The predominant route of transmission is the contact route (caring for sick animals) – 72.9%. Until now, the problems of sanitary and veterinary supervision and the creation of interdepartmental relations remain.
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