ТРИАЖНЫЕ ШКАЛЫ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫЕ В СТАЦИОНАРНЫХ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯХ СКОРОЙ ПОМОЩИ (обзор литературы)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31082/1728-452X-2020-217-218-7-8-44-52Ключевые слова:
триаж, система триаж, индекс тяжести неотложного состояния, стационарные отделения скорой помощиАннотация
Статья описывает различные виды сортировочных шкал, применяемых в стационарных отделениях скорой помощи в различных странах. Шкалы сортировки призваны оптимизировать время ожидания пациентов в соответствии с серьезностью их медицинского состояния, чтобы как можно быстрее вылечить наиболее интенсивный симптом и уменьшить негативное влияние на прогноз продолжительной задержки до начала лечения.
Целью исследования данной работы являются анализ литературных данных, характеризующих шкалы для проведения триажа в отделении неотложной помощи, их сравнительная характеристика, оценка их надежности и достоверности.
Материал и методы. Проведен онлайн поиск литературы в базах данных, использованы Pubmed, Web of Science и Scopus, а также в on-line изданиях на русском и английском языках. Для поиска актуальных источников литературы использовали термины: стационарное отделение скорой медицинской помощи, сортировка, индекс тяжести неотложного состояния. Было найдено 813 литературных источников, из которых 37 были отобраны для дальнейшего анализа. Критерии включения: исследования, проводимые людьми, опубликованные на английском, русском языках, а также полные версии статей. Критерии исключения: резюме докладов, газетные публикации, личные сообщения.
Результаты и обсуждение. Анализ литературных данных позволяет судить о разнообразных подходах и системе медицинской сортировки пациентов, требующих оказания неотложной медицинской помощи, особенно в случаях массовых катастроф и поражений. Анализ существующих шкал сортировки показал, что эти шкалы пятиступенчатые и адаптированы к региону и системе здравоохранения, но не существует единой универсальной шкалы.
Выводы. Введение структурированной сортировки специально обученным медицинским персоналом в отделении неотложной помощи помогает точно идентифицировать пациентов, чья жизнь находится под угрозой, особенно в периоды недостаточной эффективности лечения. Поэтому пятиуровневые системы сортировки рекомендуются национальными и международными обществами экстренной медицины.
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