CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS AND TARGET-ORGAN DAMAGE IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN BUKHARA REGION

Abstract

Introduction. Arterial hypertension often coexists with obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and early target-organ damage. Integrated assessment of cardiometabolic and renal risk factors is essential for timely risk stratification and for planning preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Objective. To conduct a comparative assessment of baseline cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic disorders, target-organ damage, lifestyle-related factors and hemodynamic parameters in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in the Bukhara region across two clinical groups.
Materials and methods. Baseline data from 120 patients aged 40-75 years with AH were analyzed. Clinical and demographic characteristics, BP, HR, PP, anthropometry, ECG, echocardiography, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, MAU, eGFR, dietary habits, and Henkin test parameters were assessed. Patients were divided into two clinical groups of 60 patients each; data were presented as M±SD, Me [Q1; Q3], and n (%), with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results and discussion. The mean age of the patients was 57.1±8.00 years; women accounted for 54.2% and men for 45.8%. Grade 2 AH was detected in 54.2% of patients and grade 3 AH in 34.2%; stage 3 hypertensive disease was registered in 77.5% of cases. Overweight and obesity were observed in 83.3% of patients and abdominal obesity in 74.2%. Dyslipidemia was detected in all patients, while type 2 diabetes mellitus was present in 26.7% of cases. Baseline mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were 168.62±11.83 mmHg, 104.33±9.28 mmHg, and 86.12±8.29 beats/min, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in the frequency of elevated HOMA-IR and metabolic index. The comparable leptin level may indicate a similar severity of adipokine-related risk factors. These findings support viewing AH within a broader cardiorenometabolic risk framework.
Conclusion. Cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and signs of target-organ damage, were highly prevalent among patients presenting with AH. These findings indicate the need to strengthen early screening, risk stratification and comprehensive preventive and therapeutic approaches in this category of patients.