COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING PRECANCEROUS CHANGES IN THE CERVIX OF YOUNG WOMEN

Abstract

Introduction. Cervical cancer, according to the World Health Organization, approximately 500,000 new episodes are recorded annually worldwide. Specifically for the Republic of Kazakhstan, the frequency of primary detection of cervical cancer reaches about 1,800 cases annually. In the international and national aspects of cancer incidence, this type of cancer in women consistently occupies the second position.
Purpose of the study. Comparison of the effectiveness of methods for diagnosing precancerous changes in cervical tissue: HPV test, cytological and histological testing and colposcopy in women participating in the study.
Material and methods. Proveden analysis of clinical cases , anamnesis, general clinical, cytological, PCR for HPV, colposcopic , histological results. The study included 100 women aged 18 to 35 years with cervical pathology. All women underwent cytological analysis, its variation in the form of liquid cytology; HPV test, video colposcopy including a loop biopsy of the pathological area of the cervix. Observation of oncocytological women after 6 months.
Results. The average age of the patients was 31 years. The analysis showed that women of a young age have negative HPV. Pathological oncocytologies are more common atypia of epithelial cells (ASC-US), then low-grade focal squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). HSIL and HGSIL have been found in HPV negative women. The results of histological analysis revealed 65 cases of LSIL (also known as CIN-1), 5 cases of HSIL/CINII, 1 case of carcinoma in situ, and 2 cases of HGSIL (CINII-III).
Discussion. This study shows that only a small proportion of HPV infections that persist or progress to precancerous lesions lead to cancer. For the development of the oncogenic process, persistence of HPV infection is necessary. The viral load, the persistence duration, and the type of HPV HCR are the main reasons for the progression of infection to intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. Although cytology is not completely sensitive, colposcopy has been effective in identifying areas of the cervix suitable for multifocal biopsy.
Conclusions. Cervical screening helps reduce the risk of cervical cancer (CC). However, a key role in establishing an accurate diagnosis is played by histological examination, which determines the approach to treatment. The comparative study found that both an underestimation and an overestimation of the status based on cytology occurred.